An active sentence like I drank two cups of coffee has the subject first (the person or thing that does the verb), followed by the verb, and finally the object (the person or thing that the action happens to).
So, in this example, the subject is 'I', the verb is 'drank' and the object is 'two cups of coffee'.
But, we don't always need to make sentences this way. We might want to put the object first, or perhaps we don't want to say who did something. This can happen for lots of reasons (see the explanation further down the page). In this case, we can use a passive, which puts the object first:
- Two cups of coffee were drunk (we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't necessary).
How to make the Passive in English
We make the passive by putting the verb 'to be' into whatever tense we need and then adding the past participle. For regular verbs, we make the past participle by adding 'ed' to the infinitive. So play becomes played. Click here to learn about irregular verbs.
| Tense | Active | Passive |
| present simple | I make a cake. | A cake is made (by me). |
| present continuous | I am making a cake. | A cake is being made (by me). |
| past simple | I made a cake. | A cake was made (by me). |
| past continuous | I was making a cake. | A cake was being made(by me). |
| present perfect | I have made a cake. | A cake has been made (by me). |
| pres. perf. continuous | I have been making a cake. | A cake has been being made (by me). |
| past perfect | I had made a cake. | A cake had been made(by me). |
| future simple | I will make a cake. | A cake will be made (by me). |
| future perfect | I will have madea cake. | A cake will have been made (by me). |
When should we use the Passive?
- When we want to change the focus of the sentence:
- The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (We are more interested in the painting than the artist in this sentence)
- When who or what causes the action is unknown or unimportant or obvious or 'people in general':
- He was arrested (obvious agent, the police).
- My bike has been stolen (unknown agent).
- The road is being repaired (unimportant agent).
- The form can be obtained from the post office (people in general).
- In factual or scientific writing:
- The chemical is placed in a test tube and the data entered into the computer.
- In formal writing instead of using someone/ people/ they (these can be used in speaking or informal writing):
- The brochure will be finished next month.
- In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence to improve style:
- Three books are used regularly in the class. The books were written by Dr. Bell. ('Dr. Bell wrote the books' sound clumsy)
- When the subject is very long:
- I was surprised by how well the students did in the test. (More natural than: 'how well the students did in the test surprised me')
Video Material
Explanation on the passive voice
http://www.skypeenglishclasses.com/passive-voice/
Smrt English Explanation - Passive Voice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rlvWoNNrcs (Part 1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ6bSNimM0o (Part 2)
Anglo Link Detailed Explanation of Passive Voice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxbQ2U3Uuv0
Famous Series Scenes with Passive Voice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzeI93MszMk
Exercises for Practice
- Present Simple Exercise
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-1.html
http://www.kico4u.de/english/uebungen/passiv/simplepresein.htm
http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/3g20-passive-active-exercise.php
http://www.ang.pl/cwiczenia/927
- Past Simple Exercise
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-2.html
http://www.ang.pl/cwiczenia/928
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-past
http://first-english.org/english_learning/english_active_passive/31_active_passive_simple_past_exercises.htm
- Present Perfect Exercise
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-3.html
- Organize or Match the Sentences
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/passive/exercise2.swf
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-28628.php
- Complete the Sentence
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/single/passive_r.htm
http://suz.digitaleschulebayern.de/english/grammar/passive5.htm
- Transform into Passive or Active
http://learningapps.org/123565
http://suz.digitaleschulebayern.de/english/grammar/passive2.htm
http://suz.digitaleschulebayern.de/english/grammar/passive3.htm
http://suz.digitaleschulebayern.de/english/grammar/passive4.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/passive_ex1.htm
Listening Practice
Complete the sentences
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_41_Present_Tense_Passive_Voice.html
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_42_Past_Tense_Passive_Voice.html
http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_43_Future_Tense_Passive_Voice.html
Listening and Speaking Practice: Listen to the questions and answers. Then, answer them yourself.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMD3_muCfkI
Listen to one of the explanations and summarize in five sentences how the object is made.
https://eslchestnut.com/category/esl-resources/grammar/passive-voice/
Games for Passive Voice
Passive Voice with Famous People
http://www.eslgamesplus.com/passive-voice-past-passive-esl-grammar-sentence-activity-fun-game-online/
Shootout
http://www.eslgamesworld.com/members/games/grammar/football/passive%20voice/passive%20voice.html
Basketball Game
http://www.eslgamesworld.com/members/games/grammar/basketball/active%20vs.%20passive%20voice/active%20vs.%20passive%20voice.html
Writing Assessment: How money is made.
Introduce the students to the activity with this video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su3cvY0psjY
Match this vocabulary and check in pairs.
1. Factory
2. Printing Press
3. Intaglio printing method
4. Steel plate
5. Bill
6. Squirt
7. Smushed
8. Counterfeiting
9. Linen blend
10. Scan out
A. Copy its image for later reproduction.
B. Cash money.
C. A flat piece of metal with an engraved image on it.
D. A place where something is produced in an automated way.
E. To make a liquid cover a surface.
F. A big machine that is dedicated to produce inked papers such as bills, newspapers, books, etc.
G. Crush or smash.
H. A combination of textiles.
J. A European method for making extremely detailed images using engraving.
K. Making fake money.
Ask the following questions
Where do dollars come from?
How much money is made in the US?
How is money printed?
What is a master engraver?
What is a money plate?
What is the process money goes through to be elaborated?
What are two ways money is protected from counterfeiting?
Write a four paragraph essay where you explain how something is made. In the first paragraph, give an introduction to the product and industry you are talking about giving details of its importance. Then, describe the process of how something is made describing the materials needed for the product, the elaboration of the product and how it is distributed to the masses.
Note: The essay could be a critique on a product, an attempt to sell the product or a project/idea you would like to elaborate.
Key Ideas: Keep in mind the use of the Passive Voice throughout the description.
Speaking Assessment: How a campaign works.
Brainstorm an idea for a campaign. Think about ideas like recycling, saving electricity, sharing cultural information, developing interesting abilities, charity work or any system for making the world a better placer. Then, prepare to explain your idea using the passive voice and images to support your presentation.
Points for the presentation:
0) Pick a topic for your campaign and check you are not repeating the same topic as another group.
1) Present the issue you want to correct like a question and explain how it is produced.
2) Talk about the consequences of this problem in every day life.
3) Elaborate a solution to solve this problem.
4) What your campaign is and how does it work.
5) Ask 3 trivia questions to the students about your presentation. The winners of the Trivia will get 0.1 in the final grade of the presentation.
Connect points 1 to 5 with images that express your ideas. You can include interesting pictures, charts and so on.
Check your presentation:
- Are you speaking Spanish? If you are, I am sorry, the process of creating this idea is evaluated.
- Is it fluent? Is there enough information and detail?
- Is it accurate? Is the grammar properly used? Are you using adverbs, adjectives and passive voice?
- Is the presentation only made of images, key words and factual information? Is there text? ERASE IT. Just titles, key words and factual information.
- Can you explain this without having to read?
- Is the presentation at
Note: 0.5 of the grade is going to be having a properly done presentation. Check that you have 5 slides.
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